Zopa – The Alternative Alternative Asset Class?
10 Aug
Times are tough. The credit crunch has sucker punched a great many businesses and individuals. An obvious early symptom was the withdrawal of any worthwhile interest rates on UK savings accounts. As I write this, moneysupermarket.com is showing the best available savings account rate as a paltry 3%. Just 5 years ago I was getting 6% interest on my current account.
And so off go the investors, taking with them for company a bunch of cheesed off savers who are disillusioned with the safety of UK banks and unincentivised by the meagre returns for the risk of inflation making them poorer by leaving the cash with the banks. First up comes a natural pile in to equities. The UK FTSE has many well managed and funded companies which throw off vast cash flows and can reward investors with dividend payments higher than bank interest. The risk is of course that company valuations – and with it your investment – may go up as well as down and there’s also no guarantee of dividends always being paid as RBS, Lloyds and BP shareholders currently know all too well. With economic conditions continuing to constrict, cash flow may become tighter for many businesses.
Where else can investors turn? Sovereign debt has become unpopular on two counts. UK gilts are paying low returns whilst overseas debt has been hit by the collapse of Greece and the certainty that it will default in the future, possibly bringing contagion elsewhere in the region and across the PIGS (Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain).
Commodities are an interesting asset class for the trader yet much less interest to others since they generate no cash flow and pay no dividends whilst held. So an interesting alternative to the other alternatives is a UK founded company, Zopa, which works as a peer-to-peer lending system. A what? That’s right, a way to lend money to others as if you were your own bank. Zopa handles the credit checking, the gathering of money and will even chase up unpaid loans on your behalf.
But there’s no way I’d lend some stranger off of the internet a grand, I hear you wail! I’m glad you said that. Zopa agree! Their system works to mitigate risk. How? Let’s say you’ve £100 lying around your handbag, dying to be invested. Zopa will receive that money and issue it to borrowers in £10 chunks. So you’ll end up with 10 loans to 10 borrowers each of £10. A borrower who wants to loan, say £3,000 will be matched up with 300 lenders. This way if there ever were a default, the loss for each of the 300 lenders is only slight compared to if one lender serviced the entire finance requirement.
So how are you compensated for the risk? First off Zopa allows you to set your rate at which you’re prepared to loan. In fact the name isn’t taken from the Greek God of Mega-Wonga as it first might sound. Zopa stands for the Zone Of Potential Agreement. Simply put a Zopa is the range at which lending is going on in the market. A quick scan of Moneysupermarket.com’s loan rates shows the high street Zopa as I write to be between 7.7% and 11.9%. Now let’s put that into context. Those rates will apply if you’re:
a) credit worthy
b) borrowing a substantial ammount
c) paying it back over a predefined length of time, often 60 months (5 years)
On Zopa, just like a bank you set your choices as to who you want to lend to and at what rate. So let’s say a business owner with no debt from Chelsea approaches you. He’s looking for £15,000 to expand his empire and already has good cash flow. You may decide that to lend to him, you’ll accept a lower rate, let’s say 7%. He’s rewarded for working with you and you’re rewarded for lending your spare cash to others who are looking to get credit.
On the other hand, you may decide that his son, because he’s young, just finished Uni and without a credit history is a much greater risk. You may therefore decide that to lend to the Youth market, you’ll want rates closer to 13% in order to offset the risk that he may decide to spend his cash down the pub rather than repaying you your dues.
Whatever you decide, it’s your choice. You choose your rates and which credit sectors you are happy to lend to. Obviously the lower your rates the sooner your cash will be lent out and earning interest; holding out for higher rates will take a while to find matches. You can also choose to examine each individuals’ story or go for a auto-loaning to prospect who meet your pre-set criteria.
I chose to put £100 into Zopa to loan out last year. I set up criteria using auto-loan to the upper end of credit worthiness – the A* and A rated borrowers. My lowest rate was 7.1% and my highest 9.8%. My first loans went out in September and it wasn’t until October everything was out there. So it’s been about 10 months.
Of course Zopa take a fee for their service. It takes 1% p/a off of your returns or less depending on how quick you were to join. They also say allow for losses accrued by bad debt, something which I’ll spill the beans on in a moment – typical Zopa bad debt rates by sector can be seen here. Even allowing for 3% off of yield, we’re still looking at an asset class that’s typically returning higher than a UK FTSE High Dividend ETF and is in the range of most higher yielding equities – after deductions for losses are factored in. It compares reasonably with corporate bonds and is double to triple a typical savings account. Whilst it’s not going to turn you into an overnight millionaire, if you are looking for a place to park cash whilst the market turbulence subsides, it bears consideration.
Bad debt. It cracked the financial system and killed Lehman Brothers. Could it kill you on Zopa?
One of the funniest things is that since lending on Zopa, I’ve not had a single bad debt. In fact the reverse. I’ve had savvy, credit worthy types borrow money to close out other unfavourable loans from the high street, to do home improvements or to make other investments in properties and businesses. One of the borrower-friendly features of Zopa is that there are no “get out charges”. If someone wants to overpay their borrowings by a little or the lot they can. And that’s exactly what happened on my loan book.
Several borrowers took sums to achieve a purpose and then paid it back rapidly, generally within a couple of months. So whilst my return rate is factored in over the 36 month term that I prefer to lend on, these people were only paying the interest for the month or two whilst my money was in their possession. After that the cash was in my pocket, waiting to get back out there into the market and earn some interest.
It does seem that on the whole Zopa attracts a more financially aware type and certainly the management are. They’ve founded and run businesses including Virgin Money and American Express and they’re backed by investors who funded eBay, Figleaves, Betfair and Lovefilm. I know one member from the city who told me he’d made several thousand loans via Zopa and still hasn’t encountered default. Perhaps it’s the case that the money aware types that use it are more careful to use than abuse credit?
Whatever you think about Zopa, they’ve put a lot of time into explaining what goes on on the site and into building a sense of community around the platform. Individuals are known by usernames and you can see who your money is leant to and what they wanted it for. For those with the inclination to get more involved there are discussion board and member’s stories as well as the option of personally selecting and questioning those you would consider lending to before you lend to them.
I find the idea that it’s way of helping everyone to win except the fats cats appealing and my experience with Zopa after 10 months has been positive. I’ve made more than I would have if I’d left the money in the bank and having it loaned to another is great way of stopping yourself from dipping into savings since you can’t spend it if you don’t have it! Once loaned to another, you need to wait for it to be returned before you can transfer it out of your account. It also makes me feel good about myself that my cash can be used to help others get where they want in life and that I’m running my own bank – however tiny it is!
You can get started on Zopa from as little as £20 although I would encourage you to start with £100 since it allows you to spread your risk better. Play with the system until you feel comfortable it’s set up the way you want to lend; it’s very easy to use. And put it in the context of your broader investing strategy. If you only currently have savings, it seems like an interesting way to increase your returns. If you’re equities heavy, it’s a nice way to have some portfolio coverage that’s not going to sway rapidly with the FTSE. In fact it could be seen as a play on the popularity of stocks like Provident Financial (PFG) or International Personal Finance (IPF). Using Zopa is a way of you receiving comparable returns without the exposure to city fats!
If I remember I’ll make an update in October that lets you know how well a full year on Zopa went. If you want to check it out for yourself, please do so here.







